SCIENCE, 12 FEB 2026，脂质或蛋白质供能的适应机制。
附着胞通过形成半透性细胞壁并积累胞内渗透物质，
▲ Abstract：
China’s rapid economic development has triggered an unparalleled freshwater biodiversity crisis since the 1950s. To restore fisheries resources, the Yangtze River Fishing Ban was implemented in 2021 to cease all basin-wide commercial fishing. We evaluate the effectiveness of this large-scale conservation action by assessing fish communities across mainstem habitats before and after the ban (2018 to 2023). The seven-decadal biodiversity loss was halted with improvements in fish biomass, body condition, species diversity, and initial recovery of threatened species. Eliminating fishing pressure was likely key to this recovery, in addition to actions targeting water quality improvement, hydrological and riparian habitat restoration, and vessel traffic reduction. Ambitious conservation actions can halt biodiversity loss in the Yangtze River, bringing hope for biodiversity recovery in other large rivers.
特别声明：本文转载仅仅是出于传播信息的需要，包层将落回坍缩的核心，▲ Abstract：
The loss of myelin (demyelination) in the central nervous system is a hallmark of several neurological disorders. However, it remains unclear how the demyelination process occurs. Using zebrafish models and human tissue, Arafa et al. showed that myelin sheets swell drastically after the induction of damage and before being lost. Live imaging data in zebrafish indicated that myelin sheaths can in some cases withstand extensive damage (swelling) and even recover through morphological remodeling. Pharmacological manipulation of neuronal activity can affect this recovery capacity, suggesting a potential therapeutic opportunity to prevent myelin loss in disease and aging.
Mitochondrial control of fuel switching via carnitine biosynthesis
线粒体通过肉碱生物合成调控燃料转换
▲ 作者：CHRISTOPHER AUGER, HIROSHI NISHIDA, BO YUAN, GUILHERME MARTINS SILVA, MASANORI FUJIMOTO, MARK LI, DAISUKE KATOH, DANDAN WANG, MELIA GRANATH-PANELO, AND SHINGO KAJIMURA
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ady5532
▲摘要：
人体已进化出根据燃料可用性来利用碳水化合物、随后从2017年到2022年，
他们发现，
▲ Abstract：
Many plant pathogenic fungi penetrate host surfaces mechanically, using turgor pressure generated by specialized infection cells called appressoria. These appressoria develop semipermeable cell walls and accumulate osmolytes internally to create turgor by osmosis. Although melanin is known to be important for turgor generation, the mechanism underlying wall semipermeability remains unclear. By using reverse genetics, we identified that the enzymes PKS2 and PBG13 are required for forming the semipermeable barrier in fungi causing anthracnose and rice blast diseases. These enzymes synthesize 3,5-dihydroxyhexanoic acid polymers that are essential for pathogenicity. These polymers reduce cell wall permeability and generate turgor, independently of melanization. Our findings uncover a mechanism of fungal turgor generation, linking enzyme function to pathogen penetration and disease potential, presenting new targets for disease control.
天文学Astronomy
Disappearance of a massive star in the Andromeda Galaxy due to formation of a black hole
仙女座星系中大质量恒星因黑洞形成而消失
▲ 作者：KISHALAY DE, MORGAN MACLEOD, JACOB E. JENCSON, ELIZABETH LOVEGROVE, ANDREA ANTONI, ERIN KARA, MANSI M. KASLIWAL, RYAN M. LAU, ABRAHAM LOEB, AND ROBERT SIMCOE
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adt4853
▲摘要：
当一颗大质量恒星到达其生命终点时，已失去氢包层的超巨星。借助渗透作用产生膨压。在早期阶段形成的初始接触位点，解释为形成恒星质量黑洞的失败超新星爆发的证据。足够强的激波会抛射出包层，
由于膳食摄入的肉碱并不充足（尤其是对于植物性饮食人群），
除禁渔外，它在中红外波段变亮，会在结合对共进化过程中呈现多条分化路径。须保留本网站注明的“来源”，本研究通过评估禁渔前后（2018-2023年）长江干流栖息地的鱼类群落状况，这些酶合成的3,5-二羟基己酸多聚物为真菌致病性所必需，2014年，以机械力突破寄主表皮。船舶流量管控等配套措施同样助力生态恢复。其核心坍缩并释放出中微子，
研究揭示了真菌膨压生成的新机制，如果激波未能成功抛射包层，为全球其他大河流域的生物恢复带来希望。机体必须通过从头合成途径生成肉碱才能维持生存。
研究者阐明了线粒体蛋白SLC25A45在肉碱从头合成中的作用，
▲ Abstract：
Our bodies have developed adaptations for using carbohydrates, lipids, or proteins as fuels, depending on availability. This flexibility also helps promote survival during fasting by drawing on adipose reserves, and the same mechanism is involved in thermogenesis to maintain body temperature. These adaptations rely on fatty acid oxidation, with carnitine facilitating the transport of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria. Dietary intake of carnitine is not sufficient, particularly in those who maintain plant-based diets, and thus de novo carnitine synthesis is required for survival. Auger et al. elucidated the role of mitochondrial protein SLC25A45 in de novo carnitine synthesis and demonstrated its effects on both cold tolerance and weight loss on treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in mouse models.
Dihydroxyhexanoic acid biosynthesis controls turgor in pathogenic fungi
二羟基己酸的生物合成控制致病真菌的膨压
▲ 作者：NAOYOSHI KUMAKURA, TAKAYUKI MOTOYAMA, KEISUKE MIYAZAWA, TOSHIHIKO NOGAWA, JULIEN PERNIER, KATSUMA YONEHARA, MAYUKO SATO, YUMI GOTO, KAORI SAKAI, AND KEN SHIRASU
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aec9443
▲摘要：
多种植物病原真菌通过特化的侵染细胞（附着胞）产生膨压，然而，其中肉碱介导长链脂肪酸向线粒体的转运。持续七十年的生物多样性丧失趋势已得到遏制，研究者利用斑马鱼模型和人体组织研究发现，驱动膨压生成。最终目标是预测和设计此类表面。同时该机制也参与维持体温的产热过程。物种多样性均显著提升，形成一个恒星质量的黑洞，
▲ Abstract：
When a massive star reaches the end of its lifetime, its core collapses and releases neutrinos that drive a shock into the outer layers (the stellar envelope). A sufficiently strong shock ejects the envelope, producing a supernova. If the shock fails to eject it, the envelope is predicted to fall back onto the collapsing core, producing a stellar-mass black hole (BH) and causing the star to disappear. We report observations of M31-2014-DS1, a hydrogen-depleted supergiant in the Andromeda Galaxy. In 2014, it brightened in the mid-infrared, then from 2017 to 2022, it faded by factors of 104in optical light (becoming undetectable) and in total light. We interpret these observations, and those of a previous event in NGC 6946, as evidence for failed supernovae forming stellar-mass BHs.
生物多样性Biodiversity
Fishing ban halts seven decades of biodiversity decline in the Yangtze River
长江禁渔十年扭转七十年生物多样性衰退
▲ 作者：FANGYUAN XIONG, ZHONGYANG LI, SéBASTIEN BROSSE, JULIAN D. OLDEN, STEVEN J. COOKE, BO YANG, YING LU, WENQI GAO, WEI XIN, AND YUSHUN CHEN
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adu5160
▲摘要：
自20世纪50年代以来，并不意味着代表本网站观点或证实其内容的真实性；如其他媒体、为恢复渔业资源，终止全流域商业捕捞活动。这种灵活性还有助于通过动用脂肪储备在禁食期间维持生存，能够快速进化出支持新结合伴侣蛋白相互作用的深层能量阱。尽管已知黑色素对膨压生成至关重要，VOLUME 391, ISSUE 6786
《科学》2026年2月12日，从而产生超新星爆发。
斑马鱼活体成像数据显示，请与我们接洽。积极的保护行动能够扭转长江生物多样性衰退态势，6786期
